What Causes BMW Code 171 And How To Fix It?

Bmw Code 171, indicating “Plausibility motor driven throttle valve,” can be triggered by wiring issues or a contaminated throttle motor, but a swift and reliable remote diagnostic and repair service from AutoExplain.com is the key to resolving it efficiently. We provide detailed information on fault causes, diagnostics, and repair processes and offer specialized support for ECU, TCM, BCM, ABS, and AdBlue systems, ensuring expert assistance is just a message away, minimizing downtime and maximizing your vehicle’s performance with our specialized knowledge and support. Leverage our navigation updates and key programming services, all backed by our team of experienced professionals.

1. Understanding BMW Code 171: Plausibility of Motor Driven Throttle Valve

BMW code 171 signals a plausibility issue with the motor-driven throttle valve (MDK). This means the Engine Control Module (ECM)/DME has detected a discrepancy between the expected and actual operation of the throttle valve. The MDK controls the amount of air entering the engine, and any inconsistencies can lead to performance problems. Here, we will explore its symptoms, causes, and diagnostic steps and how AutoExplain.com can provide solutions.

1.1. What Does “Plausibility” Mean in the Context of BMW Code 171?

In the context of BMW code 171, “plausibility” refers to the ECM’s assessment of whether the data it receives from the throttle valve system is reasonable and consistent. The ECM compares signals from multiple sensors related to the throttle valve, such as potentiometers that measure the throttle position and the motor’s electrical current. If these signals don’t align within expected parameters, the ECM determines that the data is implausible and sets code 171.

1.2. What Are the Common Symptoms Associated with BMW Code 171?

Several symptoms may indicate the presence of BMW code 171:

• Check Engine Light: The most obvious sign is the illumination of the check engine light on the dashboard.

• Rough Idling: The engine may idle roughly or stall, especially when cold.

• Reduced Engine Performance: The car may experience a noticeable decrease in power and acceleration.

• Hesitation or Stumbling: The engine might hesitate or stumble during acceleration.

• Poor Fuel Economy: Fuel consumption may increase due to inefficient engine operation.

• Engine Stalling: The engine may stall unexpectedly, particularly at low speeds or when coming to a stop.

• Limp Mode: In some cases, the vehicle may enter limp mode, restricting engine power to prevent further damage.

1.3. Which BMW Models Are Most Prone to Error Code 171?

BMW code 171 can appear in various BMW models, especially those manufactured in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Some of the models frequently affected include:

• Z3 Roadster (2.5L/2.8L engine)
• M Coupe (2.8L engine)
• E46 3 Series (especially models with the M54 engine)
• E39 5 Series (models with the M52TU and M54 engines)
• X5 (E53) (models with the M54 engine)

These models use similar motor-driven throttle valve systems, making them susceptible to the same issues that trigger code 171. Regular maintenance and timely diagnostics can help prevent these problems.

2. What Causes BMW Code 171? Identifying the Root Problems

BMW code 171 can stem from various issues within the throttle valve system. Here are the common causes:

• Wiring Issues: Breaks, shorts, or open circuits in the wiring between the DME and the throttle motor can disrupt the signals and trigger the code.
• Contaminated Actuator/Potentiometers: The actuator or potentiometers inside the MDK can become contaminated with dirt, oil, or debris, leading to inaccurate readings.
• Faulty Throttle Motor: The throttle motor itself may fail due to wear and tear or electrical issues.
• Defective Throttle Position Sensor (TPS): A malfunctioning TPS can send incorrect data to the DME, causing a plausibility error.
• DME Malfunction: In rare cases, the DME itself may be faulty, leading to incorrect interpretation of sensor data.
• Vacuum Leaks: Vacuum leaks in the intake system can affect engine performance and trigger the code.
• Carbon Buildup: Excessive carbon buildup on the throttle valve can impede its movement and cause discrepancies in sensor readings.
• Software Issues: Outdated or corrupted DME software can sometimes lead to false error codes.

2.1. How Do Wiring Issues Trigger BMW Code 171?

Wiring issues play a significant role in triggering BMW code 171. The wiring harness connecting the DME to the MDK is crucial for transmitting signals accurately. Any damage or degradation to this wiring can disrupt the communication between the DME and the throttle valve components. Here are some ways wiring issues can cause this code:

• Breaks in the Wiring: A broken wire can interrupt the signal flow, causing the DME to receive incomplete or no data from the throttle valve sensors.

• Shorts to Ground: If a wire is shorted to ground, the signal may be diverted, leading to incorrect readings.

• Open Circuits: An open circuit means the electrical path is incomplete, preventing the signal from reaching its destination.

• Corrosion: Corrosion on the connectors or within the wires can increase resistance, affecting signal strength and accuracy.

• Loose Connections: Loose connections can cause intermittent signal disruptions, leading to sporadic code appearances.

Regular inspection and maintenance of the wiring harness can help prevent these issues and ensure reliable communication between the DME and the throttle valve system.

2.2. What Role Do Contaminated Actuators and Potentiometers Play?

Contamination of the actuator and potentiometers within the MDK can significantly impact their performance, leading to BMW code 171. The actuator is responsible for physically moving the throttle valve, while the potentiometers provide feedback to the DME about the valve’s position. Contaminants such as dirt, oil, and debris can interfere with their proper function in the following ways:

• Interference with Movement: Contaminants can impede the smooth movement of the actuator, causing it to respond slowly or get stuck.

• Inaccurate Readings: Debris on the potentiometers can affect their ability to accurately measure the throttle valve position, leading to incorrect signals being sent to the DME.

• Increased Wear and Tear: Contaminants can accelerate wear and tear on the components, reducing their lifespan and reliability.

• Corrosion: Some contaminants can cause corrosion, further degrading the electrical contacts and mechanical parts.

Regular cleaning and maintenance of the throttle body and MDK can help prevent contamination and ensure optimal performance.

2.3. Can a Faulty Throttle Motor Directly Cause Error Code 171?

Yes, a faulty throttle motor can directly cause BMW error code 171. The throttle motor is responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the throttle valve. If the motor is malfunctioning, it can lead to discrepancies between the intended and actual throttle position, triggering the plausibility check by the DME. Here’s how a faulty throttle motor can cause the error code:

• Inconsistent Performance: The motor might operate erratically, causing the throttle valve to open or close inconsistently.
• Weak Motor: Over time, the motor can weaken, failing to fully open or close the throttle valve as commanded.
• Electrical Issues: Internal electrical faults within the motor, such as shorts or open circuits, can disrupt its operation.
• Mechanical Failure: Physical damage or wear can cause the motor to fail mechanically, preventing it from moving the throttle valve.

A malfunctioning throttle motor can send incorrect signals to the DME, leading to the plausibility error indicated by code 171. Replacing the faulty motor is often necessary to resolve the issue.

3. Diagnosing BMW Code 171: A Step-by-Step Guide

Diagnosing BMW code 171 requires a systematic approach to identify the root cause of the problem. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:

• Step 1: Scan for Trouble Codes: Use an OBD-II scanner to read and record all trouble codes stored in the DME. Note all codes, as multiple codes can provide valuable clues.
• Step 2: Visual Inspection: Inspect the throttle body, wiring, and connectors for any obvious signs of damage, such as frayed wires, loose connections, or corrosion.
• Step 3: Check Throttle Motor Wiring: Use a multimeter to check the continuity and voltage of the wiring between the DME and the throttle motor. Look for breaks, shorts, or open circuits.
• Step 4: Inspect the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS): Check the TPS for proper operation. Use a scanner to monitor the TPS output while manually moving the throttle valve. The readings should change smoothly and consistently.
• Step 5: Test the Throttle Motor: Use a diagnostic tool to activate the throttle motor and observe its movement. Listen for any unusual noises or hesitations.
• Step 6: Check for Vacuum Leaks: Use a smoke tester or carburetor cleaner to check for vacuum leaks around the intake manifold, throttle body, and vacuum lines.
• Step 7: Evaluate DME Data: Use a diagnostic tool to monitor real-time data from the DME, including throttle position, engine speed, and other relevant parameters. Look for any inconsistencies or anomalies.
• Step 8: Perform a Throttle Body Cleaning: Clean the throttle body to remove any carbon buildup that may be affecting throttle valve movement.
• Step 9: Clear Codes and Retest: After performing any repairs or maintenance, clear the trouble codes from the DME and retest the system to see if the code returns.

3.1. How to Use an OBD-II Scanner for Diagnosing Code 171

An OBD-II scanner is essential for diagnosing BMW code 171. Here’s how to use it effectively:

1. Connect the Scanner: Plug the OBD-II scanner into the diagnostic port, usually located under the dashboard on the driver’s side.

2. Turn on the Ignition: Turn the ignition key to the “ON” position without starting the engine.

3. Power Up the Scanner: The scanner should power up automatically. If not, ensure it is properly connected and has sufficient power.

4. Read Trouble Codes: Select the option to read trouble codes. The scanner will display any stored codes, including BMW code 171.

5. Record the Codes: Write down all the codes, including any related codes. This information can help you identify potential issues.

6. Clear the Codes (Optional): After recording the codes, you can clear them to see if they reappear after testing. Be cautious when clearing codes, as it may erase valuable diagnostic information.

7. View Live Data: Use the scanner to view live data from various sensors, including the throttle position sensor (TPS), engine speed, and other relevant parameters. This can help you identify any inconsistencies or anomalies.

8. Perform Active Tests: Some scanners allow you to perform active tests, such as activating the throttle motor. This can help you assess the motor’s performance and identify any issues.

9. Analyze the Data: Use the information gathered from the scanner to analyze the potential causes of BMW code 171.

10. Consult Repair Information: Refer to repair manuals, technical service bulletins (TSBs), and online forums for additional information and troubleshooting tips.

3.2. What Should You Look for During a Visual Inspection?

A thorough visual inspection can often reveal obvious issues contributing to BMW code 171. Here are the key areas to focus on:

• Wiring Harness: Check the wiring harness connecting the DME to the throttle motor for any signs of damage, such as frayed wires, cuts, or abrasions.

• Connectors: Inspect the connectors at both ends of the wiring harness for corrosion, loose pins, or damage.

• Throttle Body: Examine the throttle body for carbon buildup, dirt, or other debris that may be affecting throttle valve movement.

• Vacuum Lines: Check all vacuum lines connected to the intake manifold and throttle body for cracks, leaks, or loose connections.

• Throttle Motor: Look for any visible damage to the throttle motor, such as cracks, dents, or signs of overheating.

• Throttle Position Sensor (TPS): Inspect the TPS for damage, loose connections, or signs of wear.

• Ground Connections: Check the ground connections for the DME and throttle system for corrosion or looseness.

• Air Intake System: Inspect the air intake system for any leaks, cracks, or obstructions that may be affecting airflow.

3.3. How to Test the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)

Testing the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is crucial in diagnosing BMW code 171, as it provides essential feedback to the DME about the throttle valve’s position. Here’s how to test it effectively:

• Visual Inspection: Start by visually inspecting the TPS for any signs of damage, such as cracks, loose connections, or corrosion.

• Multimeter Test:

  • Disconnect the TPS connector.
  • Use a multimeter to check the voltage and resistance across the TPS terminals.
  • Refer to the vehicle’s repair manual for the correct voltage and resistance values.
  • Compare your readings to the specified values. If they deviate significantly, the TPS may be faulty.

• Live Data Monitoring:

  • Connect an OBD-II scanner to the vehicle.
  • Access the live data stream and monitor the TPS output while manually moving the throttle valve.
  • The TPS voltage should change smoothly and consistently as the throttle valve is opened and closed.
  • Look for any sudden jumps, drops, or flat spots in the voltage signal, which may indicate a faulty TPS.

• Sweep Test:

  • With the ignition on but the engine off, slowly depress the accelerator pedal from closed to wide open throttle (WOT).
  • Observe the TPS voltage on the scanner.
  • The voltage should increase smoothly and linearly as the pedal is depressed.
  • Any irregularities in the voltage signal may indicate a faulty TPS.

• Reference Voltage Check:

  • Use a multimeter to check the reference voltage supplied to the TPS by the DME.
  • The reference voltage is typically 5 volts.
  • If the reference voltage is incorrect, there may be an issue with the DME or the wiring harness.

4. Solutions for BMW Code 171: Effective Repair Strategies

Once you have diagnosed the cause of BMW code 171, you can implement the appropriate repair strategies. Here are some effective solutions:

• Repair Wiring Issues: Repair any breaks, shorts, or open circuits in the wiring between the DME and the throttle motor. Replace damaged wires or connectors as needed.
• Clean or Replace the Throttle Body: Clean the throttle body to remove any carbon buildup that may be affecting throttle valve movement. If cleaning is not sufficient, replace the throttle body.
• Replace the Throttle Motor: If the throttle motor is faulty, replace it with a new one.
• Replace the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS): If the TPS is malfunctioning, replace it with a new one.
• Address Vacuum Leaks: Repair any vacuum leaks in the intake system by replacing damaged vacuum lines or gaskets.
• Update DME Software: Update the DME software to the latest version to address any potential software issues.
• Clear Codes and Adaptations: After performing any repairs, clear the trouble codes from the DME and reset the throttle adaptations.
• Professional Assistance: If you are unsure about performing the repairs yourself, seek professional assistance from a qualified mechanic.

4.1. Step-by-Step Guide to Repairing Wiring Issues

Repairing wiring issues is a critical step in resolving BMW code 171. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:

1. Identify the Damaged Wiring: Use a wiring diagram and a multimeter to identify the specific wires that are damaged.

2. Gather Your Tools and Materials: Gather the necessary tools and materials, including wire strippers, crimpers, solder, heat shrink tubing, electrical tape, and replacement wires or connectors.

3. Disconnect the Battery: Disconnect the negative terminal of the battery to prevent electrical shock.

4. Cut and Strip the Damaged Wires: Cut the damaged wires at the point of the break or short. Strip the insulation from the ends of the wires to expose the bare conductors.

5. Join the Wires: Use a crimper to attach new connectors to the ends of the wires, or solder the wires together and cover the joint with heat shrink tubing.

6. Protect the Wires: Wrap the repaired wires with electrical tape to protect them from moisture and abrasion.

7. Secure the Wiring Harness: Secure the wiring harness with zip ties or wire clamps to prevent it from rubbing against sharp edges or moving parts.

8. Reconnect the Battery: Reconnect the negative terminal of the battery.

9. Test the Repairs: Use a multimeter to test the repaired wires for continuity and voltage.

10. Clear Codes and Retest: Clear the trouble codes from the DME and retest the system to see if the code returns.

4.2. How to Clean or Replace the Throttle Body

Cleaning or replacing the throttle body can help resolve BMW code 171 by ensuring smooth and unrestricted airflow. Here’s how to perform both tasks:

Cleaning the Throttle Body:

1. Gather Your Supplies: You will need throttle body cleaner, a soft brush, a clean cloth, and gloves.
2. Disconnect the Air Intake: Disconnect the air intake hose from the throttle body.
3. Spray the Cleaner: Spray the throttle body cleaner into the throttle body, focusing on the throttle plate and surrounding areas.
4. Scrub the Deposits: Use the soft brush to scrub away any carbon deposits or dirt.
5. Wipe Clean: Use the clean cloth to wipe away any remaining cleaner and debris.
6. Reassemble: Reconnect the air intake hose to the throttle body.

Replacing the Throttle Body:

1. Gather Your Tools: You will need a socket set, a wrench set, a screwdriver, and a new throttle body.
2. Disconnect the Air Intake: Disconnect the air intake hose from the throttle body.
3. Disconnect Electrical Connectors: Disconnect any electrical connectors attached to the throttle body.
4. Remove Mounting Bolts: Remove the bolts that secure the throttle body to the intake manifold.
5. Remove the Old Throttle Body: Carefully remove the old throttle body from the intake manifold.
6. Install the New Throttle Body: Install the new throttle body onto the intake manifold, ensuring that it is properly aligned.
7. Tighten Mounting Bolts: Tighten the mounting bolts to the specified torque.
8. Reconnect Electrical Connectors: Reconnect any electrical connectors attached to the throttle body.
9. Reassemble: Reconnect the air intake hose to the throttle body.

4.3. What Steps to Take After Replacing the Throttle Motor or TPS?

After replacing the throttle motor or TPS, it’s essential to follow specific steps to ensure the system functions correctly and prevent the error code from reappearing. Here are the steps to take:

1. Clear Trouble Codes: Use an OBD-II scanner to clear all diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) from the engine control unit (ECU). This ensures that the ECU recognizes the new component and resets any stored error data.

2. Reset Throttle Adaptations: Reset the throttle adaptations in the ECU. This step allows the ECU to relearn the operating parameters of the new throttle motor or TPS. The procedure varies depending on the vehicle model and diagnostic tool, but it typically involves using a scanner to access the ECU’s adaptation settings and initiate the reset.

3. Perform a Throttle Relearn Procedure: Some vehicles require a specific throttle relearn procedure after replacing the throttle motor or TPS. This procedure helps the ECU calibrate the new component and optimize engine performance. The procedure typically involves turning the ignition on and off, depressing the accelerator pedal in a specific sequence, or allowing the engine to idle for a set period.

4. Verify Proper Operation: After completing the above steps, verify that the throttle system is functioning correctly. Start the engine and allow it to idle. Check for any unusual noises, vibrations, or hesitations in the throttle response. Use a scanner to monitor the TPS voltage and ensure it changes smoothly and consistently as the throttle is opened and closed.

5. Test Drive: Take the vehicle for a test drive to assess its overall performance. Pay attention to throttle response, acceleration, and any potential issues.

5. Preventing BMW Code 171: Proactive Maintenance Tips

Preventing BMW code 171 involves proactive maintenance and care of the throttle system. Here are some tips to help you avoid this issue:

• Regular Inspections: Inspect the throttle body, wiring, and connectors regularly for any signs of damage or wear.
• Throttle Body Cleaning: Clean the throttle body periodically to remove carbon buildup and ensure smooth throttle valve movement.
• Wiring Maintenance: Keep the wiring harness clean and free from moisture and corrosion. Repair any damaged wires or connectors promptly.
• Air Filter Replacement: Replace the air filter regularly to prevent dirt and debris from entering the engine and contaminating the throttle system.
• Software Updates: Keep the DME software up to date to address any potential software issues and ensure optimal system performance.
• Professional Service: Have the throttle system serviced by a qualified mechanic at regular intervals.

5.1. What is the Recommended Frequency for Throttle Body Cleaning?

The recommended frequency for throttle body cleaning depends on various factors, such as driving conditions, vehicle usage, and the quality of fuel used. However, a general guideline is to clean the throttle body every 30,000 to 50,000 miles or every 2 to 3 years. Here are some additional considerations:

• Driving Conditions: If you frequently drive in dusty or dirty environments, you may need to clean the throttle body more often.
• Vehicle Usage: Vehicles that are driven short distances or spend a lot of time idling may experience more carbon buildup in the throttle body.
• Fuel Quality: Using high-quality fuel with detergents can help reduce carbon buildup and extend the cleaning interval.

5.2. How Does Air Filter Replacement Impact Throttle System Health?

Regular air filter replacement significantly impacts the health and performance of the throttle system. A clean air filter ensures that only clean air enters the engine, preventing dirt, dust, and debris from contaminating the throttle body and other components. Here’s how air filter replacement affects the throttle system:

• Prevents Contamination: A clean air filter prevents dirt and debris from entering the engine, reducing the buildup of carbon deposits in the throttle body.
• Maintains Airflow: A clogged air filter restricts airflow to the engine, which can affect throttle response and overall performance. Replacing the air filter ensures optimal airflow.
• Protects Components: By preventing contaminants from entering the engine, a clean air filter helps protect the throttle motor, TPS, and other components from wear and damage.
• Improves Fuel Efficiency: A clean air filter helps the engine operate more efficiently, which can improve fuel economy.

5.3. Can Software Updates Really Prevent Error Code 171?

Yes, software updates can play a significant role in preventing error code 171. Automakers frequently release software updates for the engine control unit (ECU) to address known issues, improve performance, and enhance system reliability. Here’s how software updates can help prevent error code 171:

• Bug Fixes: Software updates often include bug fixes that address known issues with the throttle system. These fixes can prevent the error code from being triggered by software glitches.
• Improved Diagnostics: Software updates may enhance the diagnostic capabilities of the ECU, allowing it to more accurately monitor the throttle system and detect potential issues before they escalate.
• Enhanced System Communication: Updates can improve communication between the ECU and other vehicle systems, reducing the likelihood of communication errors that can trigger the error code.
• Optimized Performance: Software updates can optimize the performance of the throttle system, improving throttle response, fuel efficiency, and overall engine performance.

6. AutoExplain.com: Your Partner in Solving BMW Code 171

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6.1. How Can AutoExplain.com Help You Diagnose and Fix BMW Code 171 Remotely?

AutoExplain.com provides remote diagnostic and repair services to help you resolve BMW code 171 effectively. Here’s how we can assist you:

• Remote Diagnostics: Our expert technicians can remotely access your vehicle’s diagnostic system using specialized tools and software. This allows us to read trouble codes, monitor sensor data, and perform diagnostic tests without you having to bring your car to a shop.
• Step-by-Step Guidance: We provide step-by-step guidance to help you troubleshoot and repair the issue yourself. Our technicians will walk you through the diagnostic process, explain the potential causes of the code, and provide detailed instructions for performing the necessary repairs.
• Wiring Diagrams and Technical Information: We provide access to wiring diagrams, technical service bulletins (TSBs), and other technical information to help you understand the intricacies of the throttle system and make informed repair decisions.
• Expert Advice: Our team of experienced technicians is available to answer your questions and provide expert advice on any aspect of the repair process. Whether you need help interpreting diagnostic data or choosing the right replacement parts, we’re here to assist you every step of the way.
• Remote Programming and Coding: In some cases, BMW code 171 may require reprogramming or coding of the DME. Our technicians can perform these tasks remotely, ensuring that your vehicle’s software is up to date and properly configured.
• Cost-Effective Solutions: Our remote diagnostic and repair services are often more cost-effective than traditional repair shop visits. You can save time and money by diagnosing and repairing the issue yourself with our expert guidance.

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6.3. How to Contact AutoExplain.com for Technical Support

Getting in touch with AutoExplain.com for technical support is easy. We offer multiple channels for you to reach out and get the assistance you need:

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BMW code 171, indicating a plausibility issue with the motor-driven throttle valve, can be a complex problem to diagnose and repair but understanding the causes, symptoms, and diagnostic steps is essential for resolving the issue. With the right approach and tools, you can effectively address the problem and restore your BMW’s performance, but AutoExplain.com offers expert remote diagnostic and repair services to help you resolve this issue quickly and efficiently. Don’t hesitate to reach out to AutoExplain.com via WhatsApp at +1(936)2896695 or email at AutoExplain[email protected] for expert assistance and support.